Probability goes from which to which in research?

The concept of probability in research often deals with understanding the relationship between a larger group, known as the population, and a subset of that group, called the sample. Probability allows researchers to make inferences about the characteristics or behaviors of the whole population based on the analysis of a smaller sample.

This is vital because it’s typically impractical or impossible to gather data from an entire population due to constraints such as time, cost, or accessibility. Therefore, researchers will draw a sample and, through statistical techniques, estimate or generalize findings from that sample back to the larger population. This method relies on probability theory to ensure that the sample accurately reflects the population and provides valid conclusions.

In this context, moving from "Population to Sample" acknowledges that the data gathered from a sample can shed light on the larger population it represents, which is a fundamental principle in statistical research and analysis. Hence, the correct answer is that probability goes from population to sample.