What characterizes probability sampling?

Probability sampling is characterized by a method in which items are selected according to a specific probabilistic or random approach. This means that each member of the population has a known, non-zero chance of being included in the sample. This systematic selection process is essential for ensuring that the sample is representative of the population, which in turn allows for more accurate statistical analysis and generalization of results.

This approach contrasts with methods that rely on convenience or subjective judgment, where selections might be biased or not representative. By using a structured technique, such as simple random sampling, stratified sampling, or cluster sampling, researchers can minimize sampling bias and improve the reliability of their conclusions. This adherence to randomness helps facilitate objective analysis, drawing generalizations about a larger population from a smaller sample in a statistically valid manner.